Pyramid Construction Theories: How Were They Built – Explained
- Jul 2
- 2 min read
On Știrinoi.com, we dive into one of humanity’s greatest enigmas: how the Egyptian pyramids were constructed. Focusing on Giza’s Great Pyramid and Saqqara’s Step Pyramid, we explore major theories, intriguing facts, expert opinions, and conclusions suitable for archaeology buffs, engineering enthusiasts, and history aficionados.
1. Main construction theories
🔹 Ramp System
The dominant hypothesis posits that Egyptians used earthen or limestone ramps—straight, zig-zag, or spiral—dragging heavy limestone and granite blocks on sledges with ropes. They wetted the sand to reduce friction .
🔹 Hydraulic Lift Theory
New 2024 studies propose a hybrid mechanism: an internal hydraulic system—akin to a “volcano lift”—using canals and water shafts to buoy stones upward .
🔹 Levers & Rollers
Modern experiments indicate the use of wooden rollers, lever systems, and cradle-like devices effective for 2–3 ton blocks, while methods for the 70+ ton monoliths remain debated .
2. Archaeological evidence
Diary of Merer: 4,500-year-old papyri detail limestone transport from Tura to Giza via Nile barges .
Alabaster ramp finding near quarry supports conventional ramp use .
ScanPyramids Big Void detected via muon tomography reveals hidden internal structures critical for understanding construction logistics .
3. Fascinating facts
Fact | Explanation |
2.3 million blocks | Construction spanned 20–30 years—about 180 blocks/hour by organized labor |
Ahramat Branch | A now-lost Nile branch facilitated water transport near Giza |
Hydraulic Step Pyramid | Internal canals and shafts possibly used as a water elevator |
Not funerary artifacts | The purpose was engineering marvel, not tomb decoration |
4. Expert opinions
Joyce Tyldesley: Ramp use and labor organization suffice—no alien or paranormal intervention needed .
Grenoble Alpes University: Proposition of internal hydraulic lifts in Saqqara adds a new dimension .
ScanPyramids archaeologists: The "Big Void" may indicate construction platforms or logistical chambers .
Amateurs vs academics: While inventors like Roger Larsen test lever-based devices, mainstream archaeology remains grounded in archeological evidence.
Conclusion
The pyramids stand not just as tombs but as testaments to human ingenuity: built through Nile transport, organized labor, ramps, and possibly hydraulic techniques. Recent theories enrich our understanding without disproving traditional methods.
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